9,993 research outputs found
Sufficient Conditions for Topological Order in Insulators
We prove the existence of low energy excitations in insulating systems at
general filling factor under certain conditions, and discuss in which cases
these may be identified as topological excitations. This proof is based on
previously proven locality results. In the case of half-filling it provides a
significantly shortened proof of the recent higher dimensional
Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Performance characteristics of a 1.8 by 3.7 meter Fresnel lens solar concentrator
Line-focusing acrylic Fresnel lenses with application potential in the 200 to 370 C range were analytically and experimentally investigated. The measured solar concentration characteristics of a 1.8 by 3.7 m lens and its utilization in a solar collection mode are presented. A measured peak concentration ratio of 62 with 90 percent of the transmitted energy focused into a 5.0cm width was achieved. A peak concentration of 59 and a 90 percent target width of 4.3 cm were analytically computed. The experimental and analytical lens transmittance was 78 percent and 86 percent, respectively. The lens was also interfaced with a nonevacuated receiver assembly and operated in the collection mode. With a natural oxide absorber tube coating (alpha/epsilon = 0.79/0.10), the measured collection efficiency ranged from 43 percent to 200 C to 34 percent at 260 C. Efficiency improvements to the 40 to 50 percent range can be achieved with second generation lenses and higher performance absorptive coatings
Quasi-Adiabatic Continuation in Gapped Spin and Fermion Systems: Goldstone's Theorem and Flux Periodicity
We apply the technique of quasi-adiabatic continuation to study systems with
continuous symmetries. We first derive a general form of Goldstone's theorem
applicable to gapped nonrelativistic systems with continuous symmetries. We
then show that for a fermionic system with a spin gap, it is possible to insert
-flux into a cylinder with only exponentially small change in the energy
of the system, a scenario which covers several physically interesting cases
such as an s-wave superconductor or a resonating valence bond state.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, final version in press at JSTA
A short proof of stability of topological order under local perturbations
Recently, the stability of certain topological phases of matter under weak
perturbations was proven. Here, we present a short, alternate proof of the same
result. We consider models of topological quantum order for which the
unperturbed Hamiltonian can be written as a sum of local pairwise
commuting projectors on a -dimensional lattice. We consider a perturbed
Hamiltonian involving a generic perturbation that can be written
as a sum of short-range bounded-norm interactions. We prove that if the
strength of is below a constant threshold value then has well-defined
spectral bands originating from the low-lying eigenvalues of . These bands
are separated from the rest of the spectrum and from each other by a constant
gap. The width of the band originating from the smallest eigenvalue of
decays faster than any power of the lattice size.Comment: 15 page
Systematic Series Expansions for Processes on Networks
We use series expansions to study dynamics of equilibrium and non-equilibrium
systems on networks. This analytical method enables us to include detailed
non-universal effects of the network structure. We show that even low order
calculations produce results which compare accurately to numerical simulation,
while the results can be systematically improved. We show that certain commonly
accepted analytical results for the critical point on networks with a broad
degree distribution need to be modified in certain cases due to
disassortativity; the present method is able to take into account the
assortativity at sufficiently high order, while previous results correspond to
leading and second order approximations in this method. Finally, we apply this
method to real-world data.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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Fluctuating thermal environments of shallow-water rocky reefs in the Gulf of California, Mexico.
As part of a broad-scale study of the biogeography of rocky reefs in the Gulf of California, Mexico (GOC), we collected a continuous 1-yr temperature time series at ~5 m water depth at 16 sites spanning 5° of latitude and ~700 km along the western boundary of the basin. Throughout the region, thermal conditions were most variable in summer with fluctuations concentrated at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, likely associated with solar and wind forcing and vertical water column oscillations forced by internal waves. Temperatures in winter were less variable than in summer, and minimum temperatures also differed among sites. Thermal variability integrated across the diurnal and semi-diurnal frequency bands was greatest near the Midriff Islands in the northern GOC and decreased toward the southern sites. Diurnal variability was greater than semi-diurnal variability at 13 of the 16 sites. A statistic-of-extremes analysis indicated shortest return times for cooling events in summer, and reef organisms at many of the sites may experience anomalous 2 to 5 °C cooling events multiple times per month. The significant extent of local temperature variability may play important roles in limiting species occurrences among sites across this biogeographic region
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